Hyperlipidic Diet-induced Obesity Increased Proliferative Signals- AR, ERK1/2- on Mice Prostate, Which can be Restored through Physical Training
João Vitor Pereira Leite
Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences- ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. Av. Pará 1720 - Bloco 2B - Sala 2B221. Uberlândia - MG - CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
Daniela Cristina de Cario Calaça
Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences- ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. Av. Pará 1720 - Bloco 2B - Sala 2B221. Uberlândia - MG - CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
Pedro Augusto Silva Nogueira
Department of Anatomy. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Federal University of Uberlândia- UFU, Brazil. Av. Pará 1720 - Bloco 2B - Sala 2B221. Uberlândia - MG - CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
Renata Graciele Zanon
Department of Anatomy. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Federal University of Uberlândia- UFU, Brazil. Av. Pará 1720 - Bloco 2B - Sala 2B221. Uberlândia - MG - CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro *
Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences- ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. Av. Pará 1720 - Bloco 2B - Sala 2B221. Uberlândia - MG - CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effects of hyperlipidic diet on the mouse prostate and also investigate if physical exercise is able to restore such effects.
Methodology: Adult male Swiss mice were fed with a balanced (ND) or hyperlipidic diet (45% saturated fat, HD) for 16 weeks. Half were submitted to a sedentary (NDS and HDS) or exercise routine (swimming- NDE and HDE) for 8 weeks. Then, the prostate was analyzed by immunoreactions (proliferating cell nuclear antigen- PCNA, androgen receptor- AR, and estrogen receptor-ERβ), western blotting (ERK 1/2), and caspase-3 activity.
Results: We found that saturated fat uptake promoted 16% weight gain, increased fat-mass and hyperglycaemia, as well as reduced testosterone levels. In addition, HD atrophied prostate secretory epithelium and stimulated cell proliferation through higher expression of AR and activation of ERK signaling. Additionally, saturated fat reduced prostatic ERβ content. Physical exercise per se promoted an anabolic effect by increasing testosterone and stimulating cell proliferation in the prostate of sedentary animals. Finally, exercise was able to restore the proliferative signals caused by the hyperlipidic diet on prostate.
Conclusion: We suggest that the combination of hyperlipidic diet and sedentary lifestyle could negatively affected some prostate stimulating pathways that could trigger proliferative diseases in mice and physical exercise may be an interesting strategy to reverse such effects.
Keywords: Prostate, hyperlipidic diet, cell proliferation, androgen receptor, physical exercise.