Advances in Research

Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Maintenance for Rail Transit in Henan

Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: With the rapid expansion of Henan's rail transit network, the traditional manual operation and maintenance mode can no longer meet the requirements for high efficiency, safety, and economy, and there is an urgent need to transition toward intelligent and predictive maintenance.

Objective: This review explored the development status of intelligent maintenance for subway tunnels, tracks and vehicles under the background of multi-network integration in Henan Province, analyze the key dilemmas including inconsistent standards, data silos, insufficient algorithm robustness and inadequate system integration, solve the practical problems such as low operation efficiency and potential safety risks, clarify the obstacles restricting the upgrading of intelligent maintenance, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for constructing a full-lifecycle intelligent operation and maintenance system.

Method: Domestic and foreign literatures and typical cases from 2020 to 2025 were systematically reviewed, and the application effects of core intelligent technologies in Henan rail transit were comprehensively compared and analyzed.

Results: High-precision intelligent detection and fault diagnosis systems have been formed for tunnel, track and vehicle components, which effectively support the transformation from regular maintenance to predictive maintenance. Henan metro intelligent maintenance has achieved breakthroughs in individual technologies, but the current system still faces four core bottlenecks: non‑uniform multi‑system standards, severe data silos, insufficient algorithm robustness, and lack of system integration. Specifically, cities such as Zhengzhou and Luoyang have not yet established a cross‑system condition perception and information exchange mechanism among high‑speed rail, intercity railways, suburban railways, and subways, making it difficult to interconnect inspection data, maintenance records, and asset ledgers. Existing intelligent detection algorithms perform well in laboratory environments, but their robustness and generalization capabilities under complex on‑site conditions such as lighting variations, vibrations, and electromagnetic interference still require systematic validation. Moreover, a balance has yet to be struck among the high cost, lightweight design, and low‑power consumption requirements of intelligent maintenance equipment.

Conclusion: Current pilot projects are largely characterized by "isolated demonstrations and fragmented construction", lacking a closed‑loop integration architecture from the perception layer and data layer to the decision‑making layer and execution layer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a "technology‑management integrated" full‑lifecycle intelligent operation and maintenance ecosystem. Future efforts should focus on breaking through key technologies such as multi‑source heterogeneous data fusion, cross‑system collaborative diagnosis, and dynamic maintenance decision support, to create a full‑chain intelligent maintenance platform covering "perception‑analysis‑decision‑execution", supported by unified standards and evaluation systems, so as to truly achieve the transition from individual technology breakthroughs to systemic ecological capability.

Hormonal Changes in Menopause and Musculoskeletal Health: Evidence from a Systematic Review

Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Menopause is a physiological stage of female aging characterized by a decline in estrogen levels, leading to systemic changes that significantly affect musculoskeletal health. These hormonal alterations are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, musculoskeletal pain, and functional decline, representing an important public health concern in aging female populations.

Objective: This review aims to systematically synthesize current scientific evidence on the effects of menopausal hormonal changes on musculoskeletal health, focusing on bone, muscle, pain, and functional outcomes in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library databases, including full-text studies involving human subjects published within the last five years. Controlled descriptors from MeSH and DeCS were combined using Boolean operators. Observational studies and clinical trials were included. After removal of duplicates and screening based on eligibility criteria, 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis.

Results: The included studies consistently demonstrated that estrogen deficiency during and after menopause is associated with accelerated bone loss, reduced bone mineral density, and increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In addition, menopause was linked to progressive decline in muscle mass and strength, higher prevalence of sarcopenia, and increased occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and functional impairment. Several studies highlighted the coexistence of bone and muscle deterioration, supporting the concept of integrated musculoskeletal decline. Menopausal hormone therapy showed potential protective effects on bone density and, to a lesser extent, on muscle outcomes, although results were heterogeneous. Lifestyle and metabolic factors, including physical inactivity and changes in body composition, were also identified as relevant modifiers of musculoskeletal health.

Conclusion: Menopausal hormonal changes play a central role in musculoskeletal deterioration, contributing to bone loss, sarcopenia, pain, and functional decline. An integrated approach that considers hormonal, structural, and functional aspects is essential for the clinical management of postmenopausal women. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify optimal strategies for prevention and treatment.

Evaluation of Fungicides against White Rust of Mustard under Field Conditions

B. J. Chaudhary, N. R. Patel, B. K. Prajapati — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important oilseed crop, but its productivity is significantly affected by diseases such as white rust caused by Albugo candida. Effective disease management through suitable fungicides is essential to minimize yield losses and improve crop productivity. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides against white rust of mustard caused by Albugo candida under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design during Rabi season, at Agronomy Instructional farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during 2023-24. The mustard variety Gujarat Dantiwada Mustard 4 was sown at 19^th October. Among the fungicides evaluated, metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% WP found significantly superior over rest of the fungicides with the minimum disease intensity of 17.55 per cent which was at par with metalaxyl-M 3.75% + chlorothalonil 50% SC at 0.1 per cent (19.90%). The next better fungicides were tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG at 0.1 per cent (25.29%), cymoxanil 8% + mancozeb 64% WP at 0.1 per cent (26.37%) and azoxystrobin 23 SC at 0.1 per cent (28.21%) in reducing white rust intensity. The maximum seed yield of 1680 kg/ha was obtained with the spraying of metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% WP at 0.18 per cent which was at par with metalaxyl-M 3.75% + chlorothalonil 50% SC at 0.1 per cent (1615 kg/ha) and tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG at 0.1 per cent (1495 kg/ha).

Revealed Comparative Advantage and Market Retention Analysis of India’s Marine Product Exports

Parth Mathukia, Shilpa Trivedi, Kalpesh Kumar, Chetan Lakhlani — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: To analyse the competitiveness and structural shifts in India's marine product exports over 2004-05 to 2023-24, addressing the gap in understanding long-run market transition patterns using RCA and Markov Chain techniques.

Study Design: Quantitative analytical study based on secondary time-series data, employing RCA and Markov Chain models to assess export competitiveness and market transitions.

Place and Duration of Study: India; covering a period of twenty years from 2004-05 to 2023-24.

Methodology: The study uses RCA to evaluate comparative advantage across major marine product categories such as frozen shrimp, frozen fish, cuttle fish, squid, and other products. Markov Chain analysis is applied to examine the direction and stability of export markets, focusing on transition probabilities among major importing regions.

Results: The RCA analysis indicates a strong and consistent comparative advantage in frozen shrimp exports throughout the study period (RCA ranging from 3.08 to 5.27), while other product categories show either temporary or persistent comparative disadvantage (RCA < 1). This reflects a structural dependence on shrimp in India’s marine export basket. Markov Chain results reveal varying degrees of market retention, with South East Asia (0.3306) and China (0.1221) emerging as relatively stable and increasingly significant markets. In contrast, traditional destinations such as the United States and the European Union exhibit more dynamic and shifting patterns. The long-term trends suggest gradual diversification of export destinations and stronger regional integration within Asian markets.

Conclusion: The study highlights the need for diversification, value addition, infrastructure development, and targeted market strategies to sustain export competitiveness and reduce risks associated with product and market concentration. These findings suggest the need for diversification beyond shrimp, strengthening value addition in underperforming segments, and consolidating trade relations with emerging Asian markets.

Financial Performance of Farmer Producer Organizations in Tamil Nadu, India

C. Velavan, C. Muralidharan — Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Agriculture in India is predominantly characterized by small and marginal farmers, whose limited landholdings and low marketable surplus constrain income and bargaining power, often leading to distress sales. Although Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) have been promoted to enhance collective strength and market access, concerns regarding their financial performance and operational sustainability necessitate systematic large-scale evaluation.

Aims: The study aims to measure the financial performance of Farmer Produce Organizations (FPOs) in Tamil Nadu, India.

Study Design: Analytical research method with the usage of primary and secondary data

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among twenty sample farmer producer organizations by collecting information from financial reports of FY2019 and FY2024

Methodology: Twenty farmer producer organizations were selected and financial ratio analysis was used to study the financial performance of farmer producer organizations in two time period viz., FY2019 and FY2024. Altman Z score model was used to assess the financial stability and bankruptcy risk of the organization. Regression analysis was used to identify the critical factors influencing the profitability of FPOs.

Results: The results of financial performance analysis showed that nearly 50 per cent of the sample farmer producer organization improved their performance during the study period. However, nearly 20 per cent of organization achieved more than 10 per cent of return on equity (RoE). Further, about 15 per cent of sample FPOs achieved above 5 per cent of return on Assets (RoA). The Altman Z Score analysis revealed that 45 per cent of sample FPOs maintained financially robust positions with low bankruptcy risks. In contrast, 40 per cent of sample FPOs were in grey zone reflected uncertain financial future and 15 per cent FPOs were under distress zone. The regression analysis indicated that the retailing of farm inputs and outputs were significantly influencing the profitability of FPOs. Further, income from non-core business was also significantly influencing the profitability of FPOs.

Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that nearly 50 percent of the FPOs improved their performance. However, about 15 per cent of FPOs were in the distress zone and 40 per cent of FPOs were in the grey zone. Retailing of farm inputs and outputs, and income from non-core business had positively influenced the financial performance of FPOs in the study area.

An Exploratory Study on Materials, Tools and Techniques of Phiribi Craft in Manipur, India

Munika Saikhom, Saikhom Debina Chanu, R. K. Indira Devi — Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Phiribi appliqué craft is a unique traditional textile art of Manipur that uses intricate fabric-cutting and hand sewing techniques to produce ornamental textile motifs. In order to describe its technical processes and comprehend its craftsmanship structure, this research presents an exploratory study on the materials, tools and techniques used in Phiribi craft. The border works in the Phiribi garments meant for ladies of the ruling family, showcase skilled workmanship. The colour of the articles meant for personal use are of pale but clean hue of yellow and white, accentuated by application of black or yellow thread hemming stitches. The study was carried out in the Imphal District of Manipur, using a descriptive research approach. Primary data were gathered through planned interview schedules with experienced artisans and award-winning practitioners of Phiribi craft. Secondary data were obtained from books, journals and online sources. The analysis finds that coloured threads, fine fabrics like silk, linen, velvet and funnel are the main materials used to create motifs. For cutting and outlining designs, traditional equipment used is carbon paper, scissors, hand needles, measuring tape, rulers, tracing paper, tailor's chalk and wooden blocks. The production method includes motif tracing, fabric folding, accurate cutting, symmetrical placement and delicate hand stitching using satin, buttonhole and hemming stitches. The study emphasises that despite the simplicity of the tools used, the craft was a labour-intensive process and requires practical knowledge that has been passed down through the centuries. The study highlights that there is a necessity of systematic documentation of these indigenous craft's for preservation, creative design and long-term growth.

Pedi-knee: Prototype Development of A 3D Printed Pediatric Knee Joint

Aditi, Shivangi Mehra, Chitra Kataria, Vaishnavi Singh, Rajesh Das — Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Paediatric prosthetic knee design remains challenging due to factors such as rapid growth, high activity levels, and the need for lightweight, cost-effective solutions. Conventional knee joints often fail to balance functionality, affordability, and adaptability, particularly in low-resource settings. Advances in 3D printing and CAD modelling offer promising alternatives for developing customized and efficient prosthetic components for children.

Aim: To design and evaluate a lightweight, cost-effective paediatric prosthetic knee joint (Pedi-Knee) using 3D printing technology.

Study Design: Prototype development study.

Place and Duration of Study: Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India, 2024–2025.

Methodology: The prosthetic knee joint was designed using CAD software and fabricated using additive manufacturing with PA12 nylon. The design incorporated a single-axis mechanism to allow controlled flexion and extension. Mechanical properties, stress distribution, weight, fabrication time, and cost efficiency were evaluated.

Results: This study describes the design and fabrication of Pedi-Knee, a pediatric single-axis prosthetic knee developed through CAD modeling and selective laser sintering (SLS) using PA12 (also known as Nylon 12). The prototype achieved a weight of approximately 240 grams and provided a smooth range of motion from 0 to 120 degrees. A modular pyramid connector ensured easy compatibility with existing pediatric prosthetic systems. Pedi-Knee fabrication requires shorter periods. By combining simplicity, durability, and accessibility, Pedi-Knee presents a practical and scalable solution to address a longstanding gap in pediatric prosthetic care.

Discussion: The findings suggest that a 3D-printed single-axis prosthetic knee joint can provide a practical balance between functionality, affordability, and customization for paediatric users. While advanced prosthetic knees offer superior performance, their limitations in cost and complexity restrict their use. The proposed design addresses these gaps; however, further clinical validation is required to assess long-term performance and user outcomes.

Conclusion: The Pedi-Knee provides a lightweight, affordable, and clinically viable solution for pediatric prosthetic applications.

Effect of Cow-based Organic Inputs and Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Karonda under Protected Conditions

Litesh Kumar, Mahaveer Suman, Manish Kumar, Gunnjeet Kaur — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The use of organic waste in proper concentration with scarification may regulate growth behaviour in many fruit crops and pre- sowing treatments of organic waste could lead to increase seed germination and enhancement of seedling growth. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on germination and growth of karonda (Carissa carandas L.) under polyhouse conditions. Different treatments comprising GA₃, cow urine and cow dung were evaluated to determine their influence on germination and seedling development. The results revealed that seed treatments significantly affected all the parameters studied. Among the treatments, GA₃ @ 200 ppm for 20 hours (T₉) proved to be the most effective. It recorded the earliest initiation of germination (7.89 days) and the highest germination percentage (78.00%). Although it took relatively more time to complete germination, it resulted in uniform and healthy seedlings. Growth parameters such as plant height (10.19 cm), shoot diameter (3.21 mm), number of leaves (21.39) and fresh and dry weight of leaves (1.24 g and 0.57 g, respectively) were also highest under T₉treatment, indicating superior seedling vigour. The control (untreated seeds) showed the poorest performance in all aspects, while organic treatments exhibited moderate improvement but remained inferior to GA₃ treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that pre-sowing treatment of karonda seeds with GA₃ @ 200 ppm for 20 hours is highly beneficial for enhancing germination, growth, and overall seedling quality, and is recommended for nursery raising under protected conditions.

Influencers of Career Choice and Satisfaction in Nursing Education among Student Nurses in Iloilo City

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Influencers of career choice and educational satisfaction are critical factors affecting student nurses’ academic engagement and long-term commitment to the profession. This study aimed to determine the degree and relationship between career choice and satisfaction in nursing education among student nurses enrolled in a private college in Iloilo City, Philippines. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 324 student nurses selected through stratified random sampling. The study was conducted during the academic year 2025–2026.Data were gathered using adopted structured questionnaires measuring factors influencing career choice and level of satisfaction in nursing education. The collected data were coded, tabulated, and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Specifically, frequency and percentage were used to describe the respondents’ demographic profile, while mean and standard deviation were used to determine the levels of career choice influences and satisfaction. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to assess data normality, and Spearman’s rho was utilized to determine the relationship between variables. Findings revealed that personal factors emerged as the strongest influence on career choice, while peer influence had the least impact. Student nurses generally reported a high level of satisfaction, particularly in curriculum and teaching, whereas the learning environment received comparatively lower evaluations. A significant positive relationship was found between career choice and satisfaction in nursing education. The study concludes that stronger intrinsic motivations are associated with higher levels of academic satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening institutional support systems and improving the learning environment to enhance student engagement, retention, and professional commitment in nursing education.

The Local Fractional Mamadu Decomposition Method for Solving Singularly Perturbed Fractional Telegraph Equations

Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Fractional partial differential equations have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to model complex physical phenomena involving memory effects and anomalous transport processes. The Mamadu Transform provides an effective analytical framework for solving fractional partial differential equations, including the fractional telegraph equation. This article discusses an efficient computational scheme based on the Local Fractional Mamadu Decomposition Method (LFMDM) for solving singularly perturbed fractional telegraph equations involving Caputo fractional derivatives. The proposed method is based on the application of the Mamadu transform for simplifying the temporal component of the equation and eigen function expansion in space, which reduces the equation into a set of decoupled fractional ordinary differential equations. The analytical solutions of the fractional ordinary differential equations are obtained using Mittag-Leffler functions and series solutions for the particular solutions. The numerical results for various values of perturbation and fractional parameters are obtained and compared with the exact solutions and results obtained by using the Laplace Fractional Decomposition (LFD) method. It is found that the results obtained by using the proposed method have high accuracy with absolute errors of order 10^-4 , making it more efficient compared to the LFD method, particularly for large time values and memory effects. The proposed method is found to be more efficient and effective for solving singularly perturbed fractional telegraph equations and is applicable for simulating complex phenomena involving wave-diffusion and memory effects.

A Survey Study on the Drivers and Countermeasures of Live-streaming Addiction among the Silver-haired Population

Chen Jiayu, Yang Fangming, Lu Sifan — Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: With the rapid expansion of digital technologies in China, internet use among the silver-haired population has grown significantly, but concerns over excessive engagement and emerging forms of digital addiction—particularly in e-commerce live streaming—are increasing. Despite existing research, limited integrated analysis of behavioral and socio-technical factors necessitates a deeper examination to support digital wellbeing and promote healthy ageing in an increasingly connected society.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the primary causes of live-streaming addiction among the silver-haired population from their own perspective, combining survey data with existing literature. It further proposes targeted countermeasures (technological ethical reconstruction, re-embedding of social support and cultivation of value rationality) to guide this population toward healthy and rational digital participation, thereby enhancing their well-being in later life.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to individuals aged 55 years and above, covering four dimensions: basic information and internet usage habits, live-stream shopping participation, addiction tendency assessment, and motivation and influence factors. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 296 valid responses were returned (response rate: 98.7%). In addition, the study integrated existing authoritative research, government reports, and relevant media coverage for multi-faceted analysis.

Results: The silver‑haired population shows high engagement with live-stream e-commerce: 88.18% have watched live streams, and 82% have made purchases. Key reasons for addiction include:(1) Psychological factors: 56.44% of viewers use live streaming to“ pass the time and alleviate loneliness”; 52.49% purchase health-related products; loss of purpose after retirement also contributes. (2) Algorithmic and technological factors: Platform algorithms create “information silos” and psychological reward loops; 45.98% agree or strongly agree that “viewing time is longer than intended.” (3) Live-stream marketing factors: Streamers use pseudo-kinship interactions, dramatized performances, and limited-time flash sales to induce emotional dependence and impulsive consumption. (4) Social support deficits: Lack of filial responsibility, insufficient community activities, and weak intergenerational communication make live streaming a convenient substitute for companionship and recognition.

Conclusion: Addiction to live streaming among the silver-haired population results from the interplay of four factors: psychological needs, technological incentives, commercial strategies, and social environment. Countermeasures should move beyond single-cause approaches and establish a multi-stakeholder support system covering algorithm governance, platform accountability, market regulation, social support, and digital literacy enhancement, thereby shifting technology application from a “traffic-first” model toward “value alignment” and “digital well-being.”

Multifunctional Nb–Er Co-Doped TiO₂: A Structure–Property–Function Correlation Study for Energy and Educational Applications

N. H. Vasoya, Yogesh Patel — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is widely used in energy and dielectric applications; however, its wide bandgap and rapid charge recombination limit practical performance. In this study, (Nb₀.₅Er₀.₅)_xTi₁₋_xO₂ (x = 0.01–0.10) was synthesised via a solid-state route to investigate the effect of Nb–Er co-doping on structure–property relationships. X-ray diffraction confirms the stabilisation of the rutile phase with dopant-induced lattice distortion and crystallite refinement. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a transition from uniform grains to agglomerated structures with increasing dopant concentration.

Dielectric analysis shows strong frequency dispersion governed by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarisation, while impedance and modulus studies indicate non-Debye relaxation behavior. The AC conductivity follows Jonscher’s power law, confirming a hopping conduction mechanism mediated by defect states and oxygen vacancies. An optimal composition (x ≈ 0.04–0.06) exhibits enhanced dielectric constant, reduced loss and improved conductivity due to synergistic interactions between Nb donor states and Er-induced defect levels (Chen et al., 2011, Grätzel, 2001).

These findings highlight the potential of Nb–Er co-doped TiO₂ for low-power solar energy systems and multifunctional applications, including compact educational devices demonstrating real-time energy conversion.

Weaving Voice into Material Intelligence: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Speech-Driven Textile Systems for Enhancing Tonal Literacy among Youth in Southeast Nigeria

Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In West African educational settings, digital literacy is increasingly recognized as a foundational skill for both linguistic and academic success. This study investigated the pedagogical and cognitive implications of speech-driven textile systems for enhancing tonal literacy among youth populations in Southeast Nigeria. Amid the increasing dominance of globalized communication forms, indigenous tonal structures are becoming progressively marginalized, particularly among younger generations. A quasi-experimental design was adopted involving 600 secondary school students drawn from Abia, Ebonyi, and Anambra States. Participants were assigned to control and experimental groups, with the latter engaging in textile-based learning interfaces capable of real-time speech-to-pattern translation, capturing pitch, duration, and intonation contours. Pre-test and post-test assessments measured tonal discrimination, pronunciation accuracy, and auditory memory. Results indicated that the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher post-test scores (M = 78.46, SD = 8.21) compared to the control group (M = 62.13, SD = 9.04). Analysis of Variance revealed a statistically significant effect of the intervention, F (1,598) = 132.57, p < 0.001, while Analysis of Covariance, controlling for pre-test differences, confirmed the robustness of the effect, F (1,597) = 118.34, p<0.001, η² = 0.17, indicating a moderate effect size. Qualitative findings from classroom observations and teacher interviews revealed heightened learner engagement, increased cultural curiosity, and improved expressive confidence among participants exposed to the system. The study concludes that embedding speech-responsive material systems within learning environments provides an innovative and effective pathway for revitalizing indigenous tonal systems. It recommends integration into regional educational curricula and further development of scalable, culturally adaptive prototypes.

Impact of Acacia auriculiformis Plantations on Regeneration of Native Flora in Degraded Forest Lands in Central Kerala, India

R. Prasanna, S. P. Subramani, C. Kunhikannan — Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Studying vegetation in exotic plantations such as Acacia auriculiformis is particularly important because these plantations can alter native ecological balance, influencing soil properties, microclimate, and local biodiversity, while either supporting or suppressing the regeneration of native flora depending on management practices and ecological conditions .This study examines the floristic composition of naturally regenerating species in the Acacia auriculiformis plantations and adjacent natural forests in Central Kerala, India. The Acacia auriculiformis plantations were studied across different age classes to understand how plantation age influences vegetation composition. The results showed that the plantations have a significant impact on the diversity and species richness of native flora and highlights the importance of considering the conservation value of plantations and the potential for restoring indigenous plant communities. Studying plantations based on age is crucial for identifying differences in floristic structure and regeneration patterns over time. The vegetation analysis of older Acacia auriculiformis plantations revealed a gradual transformation toward mixed forest conditions, with clear signs of natural regeneration and increasing native species establishment over time. Comparison among plantations of different age groups showed a high degree of species overlap and similarity, indicating ecological continuity across successional stages. Species richness and diversity were highest in older plantations, suggesting that as plantations mature, they provide more favorable conditions for native tree recruitment and coexistence. Mid-aged and younger plantations also showed similar regeneration trends, though at a lower intensity. Overall, the study indicates that older A. auriculiformis plantations are evolving into more complex and stable ecosystems, supporting higher biodiversity and serving as effective models for ecological restoration in degraded landscapes. This approach can help to predict future vegetation in plantations of varying ages and suggest suitable native tree species for planting and ecological restoration of such areas.

Growth and Development of Wheat and Associated Weed Species under Elevated CO\(_2\) Conditions

Kamlesh Singh Paraste, Sardul Singh Sandhu — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops contributing significantly to global food security due to its wide adaptability, nutritional importance, and economic value. However, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels and weed infestation are emerging challenges affecting sustainable wheat production under changing climatic conditions. Elevated CO₂ may alter the physiological and morphological characteristics of crops and associated weeds, thereby influencing crop growth and weed competitiveness. The present study was conducted during 2013–2015 at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility of the Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, to evaluate the response of wheat and associated weeds, namely Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana (wild oat), under ambient and elevated CO₂ conditions. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Two atmospheric CO₂ environments were maintained, namely ambient CO₂ (385 ± 5 ppm) and elevated CO₂ (550 ± 50 ppm). Growth and developmental parameters were recorded at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using standard statistical software to evaluate the effects of CO₂ enrichment and weed density on wheat and weed growth characteristics. The results revealed that elevated CO₂ significantly enhanced growth and developmental parameters of wheat, including plant height, tiller production, root growth, leaf area, shoot biomass, and total dry weight. Similar stimulatory effects were also observed in the associated weed species, indicating increased weed competitiveness under elevated CO₂ environments. Enhanced growth under elevated CO₂ was mainly attributed to increased photosynthetic activity and greater carbon assimilation. The findings suggest that rising atmospheric CO₂ levels may improve wheat growth and productivity; however, they may also intensify weed problems in wheat ecosystems. Therefore, appropriate crop and weed management strategies will be necessary to sustain wheat production under future climate change scenarios.

Integrating Video-based Collaborative Platform to Foster Autonomous Learning in Architectural Drafting Class

Mapplejoy P. Resurreccion — Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The integration of well-designed instructional technologies is not only a pedagogical innovation but also a workforce imperative, particularly for developing nations seeking to close the gap between classroom training and professional practice. Video-based learning has matured into a well-theorized field grounded in cognitive load theory and multimedia learning principles, with systematic reviews confirming that segmented, signaled, and replayable videos significantly improve student outcomes in skill-based subjects.

Aims: This study examined the acceptability and validity of integrating video-based tutorials and collaborative online activities through Slack as an instructional strategy to foster autonomous learning among second-year Architectural Drafting Technology (ADT) students.

Study Design: Quantitative descriptive-evaluative research design anchored on the ADDIE Model of instructional design and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Place and Duration of Study: College of Industrial Technology, Surigao del Norte State University (SNSU), Main Campus, Surigao City, Philippines, during the academic year 2025–2026.

Methodology: Data were gathered from two ADT experts, two Information Technology (IT) validators, and fifty (50) second-year ADT students enrolled in ADT 212 Basic Computer-Aided Design (CAD) using three instruments: the LRMDS Educational Soundness Checklist of the Department of Education, the LRMDS Evaluation Rating Sheet for Non-Print Materials, and a researcher-adapted TAM survey covering five constructs—Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Behavioral Intention to Use, Instructional Use of Slack, and Autonomous Learning. Descriptive statistics, specifically mean and standard deviation, were used to analyse the data.

Results: The integrated video-based and collaborative materials passed all four LRMDS educational soundness indicators with overall ratings of Integrity (95.75%), Learner Focus (95.35%), Usability (93.75%), and Accessibility (92.5%), and achieved a Very Satisfactory educational quality rating with an overall mean of 3.95 across Content Quality (M = 3.95), Instructional Quality (M = 3.93), and Technical Quality (M = 3.96). Student acceptance was consistently high across all four TAM constructs—Perceived Ease of Use (M = 4.38), Perceived Usefulness (M = 4.50), Behavioural Intention to Use (M = 4.29), and Instructional Use of Slack (M = 4.18). Autonomous learning attained an overall mean of 4.34 (SD = 0.58), with the highest indicator being students' capacity to practice drafting independently using Slack (M = 4.72).

Conclusion: The integration of video-based tutorials and Slack-based collaboration is a viable, educationally sound, and well-accepted instructional model for architectural drafting in Philippine technical-vocational higher education. The model offers a tested, low-cost, and scalable intervention aligned with the TESDA National Technical Education and Skills Development Plan 2023–2028.

Cultural Beliefs, Provider Gender Preferences and Discomfort as Predictors of Medical Imaging Avoidance or Delay: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Northern Ghana

Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: To assess the extent to which cultural beliefs, preferences, and related experiences are associated with self-reported avoidance or delay of medical imaging procedures among patients at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), Ghana.

Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey involved 304 patients who accessed medical imaging services at TTH between June and July 2024. Participants were recruited through consecutive non-probability sampling. The minimum sample size of 296 was determined using Yamane's formula, based on a weekly patient volume of approximately 1,140, and 304 participants were ultimately enrolled. The primary outcome was self-reported avoidance or delay of a scheduled imaging procedure by more than 48 hours for cultural reasons, coded dichotomously at enrolment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise respondent characteristics, cultural beliefs and preferences, and decision factors influencing imaging acceptance. Bivariate associations were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regression was then used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors independently associated with avoidance or delay.

Results: Seventy-six respondents (25.0%) reported having ever avoided or delayed undergoing a medical imaging procedure for cultural reasons. Cultural beliefs or taboos related to imaging were reported by 23.7% of respondents, traditional healing practices were reported as preferred over imaging in the community by 63.5%, 39.1% reported discomfort or embarrassment during imaging for cultural reasons, and 59.5% reported a preference regarding provider gender during imaging. In the adjusted model, cultural beliefs or taboos (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.97), somewhat adherence to cultural beliefs (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.85), strong adherence to cultural beliefs (aOR 4.73, 95% CI 1.63 to 13.69), discomfort or embarrassment during imaging (aOR 7.09, 95% CI 3.47 to 14.48), and provider gender preference (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.67) were independently associated with avoidance or delay. Cost was the most frequently reported decision factor overall (73.0%).

Conclusion: Self-reported avoidance or delay of medical imaging in this setting is shaped by both cultural and practical considerations. Imaging departments should strengthen pre-procedure communication, protect patient privacy and modesty, and accommodate provider gender preferences where staffing permits. At the system level, expanding National Health Insurance Scheme coverage of imaging services is a priority to reduce cost-related barriers alongside these cultural interventions.

Economic analysis and Investment Efficiency of High-density Apple Plantation in the North Western Himalayan Region of India

Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In Jammu and Kashmir, high-density apple orcharding has proved as one of the most important transformative approach to improve productivity, quality, profitability, and sustainability. The present study was carried out across all ten major districts of the Kashmir valley, covering a total of 200 growers practicing high-density plantation practicing tall spindle system. The current investigation focused to examine the socio-economic characteristics of selected orchardists, cost structure, and overall cost effectiveness of the system using primary data collected through structured interviews. The results affirmed that intensive apple cultivation system is capital-exhaustive during the initial years, with major expenditure on planting material, trellis systems, drip irrigation, and anti-hail nets. The total input cost per kanal was estimated at Rs. 351,759 during the first five years, with more than half was incurred in the first year alone (56.08%).Labour costs were found to increase with age of the orchard, however almost 20.12% of labour costs were utilized in first year due to operations like land preparation, lavelling, layout, pit digging, fencing, support system, drip system installation and various intercultural operations. During second year and onwards, labour costs on post-harvest operations such as harvesting, grading, and packaging were main expenditures. The total cultivation cost per kanal was calculated at Rs. 1,12,527, with post-harvest expenses (packaging material, transportation cost) and labour constituting the major share. Despite high initial investments, the system proved highly profitable, yielding an average of 3220 kg per kanal with over 85% A-grade produce.Net returns per kanal was estimated at Rs. 1,31,083 with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.28. Education, income level, and institutional support significantly influenced adoption level and high-density system offers substantial potential for improving farmer income and ensuring efficient resource use efficiency.

Teachers’ Resilience and Authentic Leadership as Determinants of Quality Education in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools in Glan 1 District, Philippines

Jovelyn D. Abugan, Roselyn Ricaforte — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Inadequate teacher professional development remains a persistent challenge affecting instructional quality and educational outcomes in many contexts, including the Philippines. Leadership practices and individual psychological factors are increasingly examined as potential determinants of teachers’ continuous professional growth and effectiveness within schools, particularly in relation to Sustainable Development Goal 4.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the influence of teacher resilience and authentic leadership on the professional development of public elementary and secondary school teachers within the context of Self-Determination Theory.

Method: A quantitative evaluation research design was employed involving 220 public school teachers from Glan 1 District, Philippines, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated survey questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression at 0.05 level of significance using SPSS software.

Results: Findings revealed that teacher resilience was not significantly related to professional development. In contrast, authentic leadership showed a significant positive relationship and emerged as a significant predictor. However, combined variables explained only 3.4% of the variance, indicating limited explanatory power at 0.05 significance level within Glan 1 District schools.

Conclusion: The study concludes that authentic leadership plays a more decisive role than teacher resilience in enhancing professional development. Strengthening leadership practices and exploring additional contextual factors are recommended to improve teacher growth outcomes with implications for policy and practice in the Philippine basic education context.

Teachers’ Organisational Commitment in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools: Predicting the Role of Compensation Satisfaction and Ethical Leadership

Jessie Emperado — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Poor organisational commitment among teachers is a global concern that affects educational quality, teacher retention, and school effectiveness. This study examined how compensation satisfaction and ethical leadership contribute to strengthening teachers’ organisational commitment by demonstrating that fair compensation and principled leadership practices positively influence teachers’ dedication, loyalty, and attachment to their schools. The study was conducted among public school teachers in Glan 1 District, Division of Sarangani, SOCCSKSARGEN Region, during the 2025–2026 school year. A total of 217 active elementary and secondary teachers participated in the study through stratified random sampling. Using a predictive research design, data were collected through survey questionnaires and analysed using multiple linear regression. The findings revealed that the predictive model significantly explained 56% of the variance in teachers’ organisational commitment, indicating a moderate level of prediction. The results partially support the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study highlights that both compensation satisfaction and ethical leadership significantly contribute to strengthening teachers’ organisational commitment. The findings suggest that educational leaders should strengthen compensation systems and promote ethical leadership practices, alongside sustained professional development programs, to enhance teacher commitment and improve learner outcomes.

Work Task Motivation among Early Childhood Educators in Public Schools as Predicted by Resilience and Psychological Well-Being

Mae Ann S. Gascar, Marjorie F. Ibañez — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Work-task motivation among early childhood educators has become an important concern in public school settings due to its influence on teaching performance and educational outcomes. This study examined the predictive influence of resilience and psychological well-being on work-task motivation among kindergarten teachers in public schools. A quantitative predictive research design was employed using universal sampling, standardised survey questionnaires, and multiple linear regression analysis. Data were collected from 200 public kindergarten teachers. The study tested the following hypotheses: (1) there is no significant relationship between resilience and work-task motivation; (2) there is no significant relationship between psychological well-being and work-task motivation; and (3) the predictive model of work-task motivation using resilience and psychological well-being is not significant. Findings revealed that both resilience and psychological well-being were significantly associated with work-task motivation. Moreover, the predictive model was statistically significant and explained 40.5% of the variance in work-task motivation, providing partial support for Self-Determination Theory. The findings suggest that resilience and psychological well-being play important roles in enhancing teachers’ motivation toward work tasks. It is recommended that future studies include additional variables to further explain the remaining variance in work-task motivation. Educational leaders and school administrators are likewise encouraged to implement interventions and support programs that strengthen teachers’ resilience and psychological well-being to improve their work-task motivation and overall professional functioning.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Vibration Reduction Scheme Using a Tuned Mass Damper for Prestressed Piers under Flood-Earthquake Coupling Action

Shenyang Pan — Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The coupling effect of flood discharge and earthquake places the prestressed gate pier in an extremely complex stress state, making it difficult for traditional design methods to meet the safety requirements of sluice projects in high seismic zones. In this paper, a tuned mass damper (TMD) vibration reduction scheme is designed for the dynamic response characteristics of prestressed gate piers under flood discharge-earthquake coupling conditions, and its vibration reduction performance is systematically analyzed through numerical methods. First, based on structural dynamics theory, the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio of the TMD are determined, and a vibration reduction device with a mass of 2000 kg, a stiffness of 1.5×10⁵ N/m, and a damping coefficient of 4.2×10³ N·s/m is designed. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model of the prestressed gate pier is established using ANSYS, where the mechanical behavior of the TMD is simulated using spring elements and mass points, and the variation patterns of dry and wet modal frequencies of the gate pier before and after TMD installation are analyzed. Finally, two typical working conditions—the check flood-earthquake coupling condition and the normal earthquake condition—are selected to calculate the time-history responses of gate top displacement and maximum principal stress in the gate pier, and to evaluate the vibration reduction effect of the TMD and its spatial distribution. The results show that after TMD installation, the natural frequencies of each order of the gate pier decrease, with higher-order frequencies significantly decreasing and becoming denser, which is beneficial for broadening the vibration reduction frequency band. Under the most unfavorable working condition, the dynamic displacement at the gate top decreases from 4.81 mm to 2.08 mm, achieving a reduction rate of 56.7%, and the maximum dynamic tensile stress decreases from 0.57 MPa to 0.53 MPa, a reduction of approximately 7.0%. The vibration reduction effect exhibits a clear spatial distribution characteristic: the reduction rate at the top nodes of the gate pier is about 58%–60%, that at the middle nodes drops to 24%–25%, and that at the bottom nodes is only about 8%. The TMD vibration reduction scheme designed in this paper has a significant control effect on the displacement response of prestressed gate piers and can provide a reference for the seismic design of similar sluice projects in high seismic zones.